Definition and Risks of Hypertensive Emergencies
Hypertensive emergency refers to severely elevated blood pressure (typically ≥180mmHg systolic and/or ≥120mmHg diastolic) accompanied by target organ damage. Without prompt treatment, this can cause serious consequences.
"Timely recognition of hypertensive emergency symptoms and golden-hour treatment are crucial for reducing mortality." - Chinese Hypertension Prevention Guidelines
Recognizing Warning Symptoms
Common warning signs include: severe headache, intense dizziness, blurred vision, nausea/vomiting, chest pain, and breathing difficulty. If these occur, immediately measure blood pressure and seek medical help.
Particularly note if consciousness disturbances, convulsions, or hemiplegia accompany these symptoms—possible stroke indicators requiring urgent care.
Home Emergency Measures
While awaiting medical personnel: keep patient semi-reclined and calm; ensure open airways; measure and record blood pressure/pulse; prepare medical history and medication information.
Never administer antihypertensives blindly—sharp blood pressure drops may worsen organ damage. Avoid strenuous activity; maintain quiet.
En Route to Hospital
Continue monitoring consciousness and vital signs during transport. If possible, use ambulances for professional en route care.
Bring regular medications and recent test results—these help doctors develop treatment plans.
Prevention and Preparation
Hypertension patients should develop personal emergency plans including: home monitors and常用药物; nearby emergency contacts/hospital routes; educating family on emergency responses; regularly checking/updating home first aid kits.
Store emergency contacts and hospital information in phones for quick access.
High-Risk Population Management
Some face higher hypertensive emergency risks—elderly, severe hypertension patients, and those with comorbidities. These groups need stricter blood pressure monitoring and management.
High-risk individuals should have home automatic monitors, measuring blood pressure daily with records. Seek prompt care for significant elevations.
Recovery Period Considerations
Post-emergency recovery is also crucial. Take medications as prescribed, attend follow-ups, and adjust lifestyles. Avoid emotional fluctuations and overexertion.
During recovery, closely monitor blood pressure changes, maintain regular routines, and engage in mild activity.
Long-Term Prevention Strategies
Key to preventing hypertensive emergencies is daily blood pressure management: take medications regularly; undergo checkups; eat properly; exercise moderately; quit smoking and limit alcohol.
Establish good doctor-patient communication channels, consulting promptly when issues arise. Maintain mental health and learn stress management—also important for prevention.