The Importance of Drug Therapy
For most hypertension patients, drug therapy is essential for blood pressure control. Proper use of antihypertensive medications combined with healthy lifestyles can effectively prevent cardiovascular complications.
"Standardized drug therapy is key to hypertension management." - Chinese Hypertension Prevention Guidelines
Common Antihypertensive Drug Types
Current first-line antihypertensives include: calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics, and beta-blockers.
Doctors select most suitable medications or combination therapies based on individual factors like age, comorbidities, and blood pressure levels.
Calcium Channel Blockers
These drugs lower blood pressure by blocking calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle cells, causing vasodilation. Common medications include amlodipine and nifedipine.
Possible adverse effects include facial flushing, ankle edema, and headaches. Consult doctors if these occur.
ACEIs and ARBs
Both drug classes act on the renin-angiotensin system, effectively lowering blood pressure while protecting heart and kidneys. Common drugs include captopril and valsartan.
ACEIs may cause dry cough; ARBs can be alternatives if this occurs. Both are contraindicated in pregnancy.
Diuretics
Diuretics reduce blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion. Suitable for elderly and heart failure patients. Common drugs include hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide.
Monitor potassium levels when using diuretics; potassium supplements may be needed. Take in morning to avoid nighttime urination.
Beta-Blockers
These primarily lower blood pressure by reducing heart rate and cardiac output. Suitable for patients with tachycardia or coronary heart disease. Common drugs include metoprolol and atenolol.
Use cautiously in asthma patients. Never abruptly stop; taper gradually under medical supervision.
Medication Precautions
Take medications on schedule at consistent times. Never adjust doses or stop without consultation. Regular follow-ups to monitor blood pressure and related indicators.
Be aware of drug interactions. Inform doctors about current antihypertensives when taking other medications.
Special Situation Management
If hypotension symptoms occur (dizziness, weakness, etc.), measure blood pressure and consult doctors for possible dose adjustments.
Medication modifications during surgery, fever, or other special circumstances require medical guidance.
Blood Pressure Monitoring
Measure blood pressure at consistent times daily, recording data. Seek medical attention for abnormalities. Home blood pressure monitors are recommended.
Optimal monitoring times are morning upon waking and evening before bed. Rest for 5 minutes before measurement, avoiding strenuous activity.
Long-Term Medication Management
Develop good medication habits using reminder apps or alarms. Maintain personal medication diaries recording intake and blood pressure changes.
Regular heart, liver, and kidney function tests assess treatment efficacy and safety. Maintain good doctor-patient communication, promptly reporting bodily changes post-medication.